Automotive clutches can be divided into five main types based on their operating principles and structural forms, each corresponding to different application scenarios and performance characteristics:

1. Friction Clutch
As the most traditional and widely used type, friction clutches transmit power through contact between friction plates and are suitable for manual transmission vehicles. Their core features include:

Dry/Wet Clutches: Dry clutches are in direct contact with the air, offering a simple structure but poor heat dissipation (common in ordinary family cars); wet clutches are immersed in oil, offering improved heat dissipation and a long lifespan (mostly used in high-torque applications).

Different Types by Plate Number: Single plate (compact and lightweight), dual plate (balancing load capacity and volume), and multi-plate (used in heavy machinery or performance vehicles).

Diaphragm Spring Optimization: Using a diaphragm spring instead of a coil spring provides stable clamping force and ease of operation, becoming a mainstream design in modern vehicles.

2. Fluid Coupling
Power is transmitted through oil, offering a "soft connection" characteristic that reduces mechanical shock.

Suitable for applications requiring smooth power transfer (such as some automatic transmissions and construction machinery).

Disadvantages include slightly lower transmission efficiency and unsuitability for high-precision torque control. 3. Electromagnetic Clutch

Engagement is controlled by an electromagnetic coil, offering fast response (completion within 0.3 seconds):

Dry/Wet: Dry single-disc clutches offer a simpler structure, while wet multi-disc clutches are suitable for high-frequency operation.

Magnetic Powder Clutch: Magnetic powder is filled between the active and passive components. When energized, it forms a magnetic powder chain to transmit power. Torque can be adjusted based on the current flow. This clutch is commonly used in precision industrial equipment.

4. Automatic Clutch:

Operation is unnecessary, for example:

Centrifugal: Automatically engages based on speed differences, often used in light-load applications such as scooters.

Electromechanical/Hydraulic: Sensors and actuators are linked to achieve semi-automatic or fully automatic shifting (used in some automatic transmission models).

5. Special Function Clutch:

Safety Clutch: Automatically disengages in the event of an overload, protecting the transmission system (such as machine tools).

Overrunning Clutch: One-way power transmission prevents reverse drive (such as in bicycle flywheels and motorcycle starters).